Current Affairs for NDA/CDS

Current Affairs 2025 for NDA, CDS, RMS & Sainik School Exams. An exam-focused post tailored from The Original Tutors, highlighting key Current Affairs for NDA/CDS of India-related international conferences, deals, and agreements between January–July 2025—crucial for NDA/CDS aspirants. All important & relevant Current affairs for NDA / CDS 2025 examination, scheduled for September 14, 2025, have been covered in this post. These include developments in national security, international relations, science and technology, and environmental issues.

👉 Odisha temple architecture, also known as Kalinga architecture, is a distinct sub-style within the Nagara order of Hindu temple architecture and is renowned for its unique features, intricate carvings, and harmonious blend of art and spirituality. This architectural style, predominantly developed between 750 AD and 1250 AD by the Eastern Gangas. Notable temples from these periods include the Lakshmaneshwar Temple, Bhuvaneshwar Temple, and Ishwareshwar Temple from Phase I; the Lingaraj Temple in Bhubaneswar and the Jagannath Temple in Puri from Phase II; and the Raja Rani Temple, Anant Vasudeva Temple, and the Sun Temple in Konark from Phase III.

👉 The Sun Temple at Konark, built around 1250 CE by King Narasingha Deva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty, is the largest and most recent of the Odishan temples and is also known as the Black Pagoda. Singapore President Tharman Shanmugaratnam visited the Konark Sun Temple in Odisha during his two-day official visit to the state in January 2025.

👉 Kalaripayattu, the ancient martial art from Kerala, is a demonstration sport at the 38th National Games, which were held in Uttarakhand from January 28 to February 14, 2025. This decision has sparked controversy, as it was a competitive sport in the previous 37th National Games held in Goa in 2023, where Kalaripayattu athletes won 22 medals, including 19 gold.

👉 The Services team emerged as the overall champions of the National Games 2025, topping the medal tally with 68 gold, 26 silver, and 27 bronze medals, totaling 121 medals. Maharashtra finished second with 54 gold, 71 silver, and 76 bronze medals, totaling 201 medals, while Haryana secured third place with 48 gold, 47 silver, and 58 bronze medals.

👉 Etikoppaka Bommalu, the traditional wooden toy craft from Andhra Pradesh, was the central theme of the state’s tableau during India’s 76th Republic Day parade on January 26, 2025, held at Kartavya Path in New Delhi. The tableau showcased the craft’s 400-year-old heritage, highlighting its eco-friendly nature and intricate designs, which include mythological figures, animals, and household items.  The toys are crafted from the soft wood of the Ankudu tree (Wrightia tinctoria) and colored using natural dyes derived from seeds, leaves, and bark, with a final non-toxic lacquer finish. This recognition at the national level follows the craft’s 2017 Geographical Indication (GI) tag, which affirmed its authenticity and cultural significance.

👉A panel led by Ramesh Chand, a member of NITI Aayog, has been involved in multiple significant reports across different domains. In January 2025, the government established an 18-member expert committee, chaired by Chand, to advise on resetting the base year of the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) from 2011-12 to 2022-23, aiming to improve the accuracy of inflation tracking and GDP estimation. The panel is also tasked with recommending the transition from WPI to a more comprehensive Producer Price Index (PPI) that includes services, which account for over half of India’s economic output, to align with international national income accounting practices. Panel led by Min. of Commerce and Industry.

👉India has developed several indigenous missiles featuring “fire and forget” technology, which allows them to be launched and then autonomously guide themselves to the target without requiring further input from the operator.

👉The Nag missile is a third-generation, all-weather, fire-and-forget, lock-on after launch anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) with an operational range of 500 meters to 20 kilometers, depending on the variant. The Nag missile system includes multiple variants, such as the HELINA (Helicopter-based NAG), which is mounted on the Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) and is designed for the Indian Army. A variant called Dhruvastra is being inducted into the Indian Air Force. Both HELINA and Dhruvastra are classified as third-generation fire-and-forget weapons. The BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile developed as a joint venture between India’s DRDO and Russia’s NPO Mashinostroyenia. It is a two-stage missile with a solid-propellant booster and a liquid-fuelled ramjet engine, capable of reaching speeds over Mach 3. BrahMos is a “fire and forget” missile.

👉The 18th edition of the India-Nepal joint military exercise Surya Kiran was successfully concluded on January 13, 2025, in Saljhandi, Nepal, marking a significant milestone in bilateral defence cooperation. The Indian Army contingent, comprising 334 personnel led by a battalion from the 11th Gorkha Rifles.

👉India has successfully test-fired its homegrown ‘Bhargavastra’ counter-swarm drone system, a significant advancement in countering the growing threat of drone swarms. The system, developed by Solar Defence and Aerospace Limited (SDAL), was tested at the Seaward Firing Range in Gopalpur, Odisha. It employs unguided micro-rockets as the first layer of defense, capable of neutralizing a drone swarm within a 20-meter lethal radius at distances up to 2.5 km. The second layer consists of guided micro-missiles, which have already been successfully tested for pinpoint accuracy.

👉The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India utilizes the Open Data Kit (ODK) platform as a digital tool to enhance transparency, accountability, and data collection for government scheme audits. This platform is designed to securely collect, manage, and store data, thereby improving audit processes and ensuring better accountability in public spending.

What are the Constitutional Provisions regarding the CAG?

• Article 148 broadly deals with the CAG appointment, oath and conditions of service.
• Article 149 deals with Duties and Powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
• Article 150 says that the accounts of the Union and of the States shall be kept in such form as the President may, on the advice of the CAG, prescribe.
• Article 151 says that the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of the Union shall be submitted to the president, who shall cause them to be laid before each House of Parliament.
  • The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of a State shall be submitted to the Governor of the State, who shall cause them to be laid before the Legislature of the State.
• Article 279 – Calculation of “net proceeds” is ascertained and certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, whose certificate is final.
• Third Schedule – Section IV of the Third Schedule of the Constitution of India prescribes the form of oath or affirmation to be made by the Judges of the Supreme Court and the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India at the time of assumption of office.
• Sixth Schedule – According to this schedule, the District Council or Regional Council should be kept in such form as the CAG prescribes with the approval of the President. In addition these bodies account are audited in such manner as CAG may think fit, and the reports relating to such accounts shall be submitted to the Governor who shall cause them to be laid before the Council.

👉India’s first cable-stayed railway bridge, the Anji Khad Bridge, is built over the Anji River, a tributary of the Chenab River, in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir. The bridge is a key component of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL) Project, connecting the towns of Katra and Reasi. It spans a total length of 725.5 meters, with the main cable-stayed segment measuring 473.25 meters across the river gorge.

👉National Voters’ Day is celebrated annually on January 25th to commemorate the foundation day of the Election Commission of India, established on January 25, 1950, a day before India became a Republic. The primary objectives of the day are to promote voter awareness, encourage active participation in the democratic process, and facilitate the enrolment of new voters, particularly young individuals who have recently become eligible. The theme for National Voters’ Day 2025 is “Nothing Like Voting, I Vote for Sure,”.

👉The term “National Army Day” can refer to different observances in various countries. In India, Army Day is celebrated annually on January 15 to commemorate the day in 1949 when General K.M. Cariappa became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army, succeeding General Sir Francis Butcher. The 77th Army Day was celebrated in 2025 with the theme “Samarth Bharat, Saksham Sena,” which focuses on modernization, public engagement, and inclusivity.

👉India has developed the world’s most powerful hydrogen train engine, delivering 1,200 horsepower, which surpasses the 500-600 horsepower typically found in similar engines used by other countries like Germany, France, and Sweden. This indigenously developed engine, created by Indian Railways, marks a significant milestone in sustainable rail technology and positions India as a leader in green mobility innovation.

👉Indore and Udaipur are the two Indian cities that have recently become accredited wetland cities under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, marking a significant achievement as the first cities from India to receive this international recognition. Indore’s recognition is centered around Sirpur Lake, a Ramsar site known for its importance as a water bird congregation area, which is being developed into a bird sanctuary. Udaipur is renowned for being surrounded by five major wetlands—Pichola, Fateh Sagar, Rang Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, and Doodh Talai. A wetland is a distinct semi-aquatic ecosystem whose groundcovers are flooded or saturated in water, either permanently, for years or decades, or only seasonally.

👉The Net-Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA) is a global initiative launched in April 2021, convened by the UN Environment Programme Finance Initiative, which brings together banks committed to aligning their lending and investment portfolios with net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050, consistent with a 1.5°C climate scenario.

👉The current FIDE World Chess Champion is Gukesh Dommaraju, who won the title in the 2024 FIDE World Championship held in Singapore.

👉The Z-Morh Tunnel connects Gagangir and Sonamarg in Jammu and Kashmir’s Ganderbal district. It is a 6.5 km long, two-lane, bi-directional road tunnel situated at an altitude of 8,652 feet (2,637 meters) above sea level. The tunnel is part of the Srinagar-Leh National Highway and provides all-weather connectivity, replacing the previously avalanche-prone and snow-blocked Z-shaped road section. It is a key component of the broader Zojila Tunnel project, which aims to ensure uninterrupted connectivity between Srinagar and Ladakh.

👉The first-ever Khelo India Water Sports Festival (KIWSF) was successfully held from August 21 to 23, 2025, at the iconic Dal Lake in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, marking a significant milestone in India’s sporting calendar. The event, which featured 24 gold medals across Olympic disciplines like rowing, kayaking, and canoeing, saw Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Kerala emerge as the top three states,

👉Neeraj Chopra has qualified for the 2025 Diamond League Final in Zurich, Switzerland, which is scheduled for August 27-28, 2025, based on his strong performances earlier in the season despite skipping the Silesia leg. He finished in second place at the 2025 Diamond League Final in Zurich with a throw of 85.01 meters.

👉Gujarat is the first state to launch significant green mobility initiatives under the national mission, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurating landmark projects at the Suzuki Motor Corporation plant in Hansalpur, Gujarat, on August 26, 2025. This event marked the launch of Suzuki’s first global electric vehicle, the e-VITARA.

👉•18^th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD), also known as NRI Day, was celebrated annually on January 9 at Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The 2025 convention theme is “Diaspora’s Contribution to a Viksit Bharat”.

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