Current Affairs NDA/CDS (II) 2025

An exam-focused post tailored from The Original Tutors, highlighting key Current issues of India-related international conferences, deals, and agreements between January–July 2025— Current Affairs NDA/CDS (II) 2025 aspirants. All important & relevant Current affairs NDA / CDS (II) 2025 examination, scheduled for September 14, 2025, have been covered in this post. These include developments in national security, international relations, science and technology, and defence exercises.

Current Affairs NDA/CDS (II) 2025

Operation Brahma: More than 1,000 people have been killed in Myanmar and thousands more injured after a 7.7 magnitude earthquake the day before that was also felt in neighbouring countries. The death toll, at 1,002, was confirmed by BBC citing the country’s Army. India has sent 15 tonnes of relief materials to Myanmar under ‘Operation Brahma’.

The latest additions to India’s Ramsar Sites list in 2025 are Khichan and Menar, both located in Rajasthan adding to total of 91 Ramsar sites in India.
They were designated in June 2025.Several sites in Tamil Nadu such as Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Longwood Shola Reserve Forest, Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary, and Kazhuveli Bird Sanctuary, all designated in 2024. The Tawa Reservoir in Madhya Pradesh was designated in 2024, covering 200 hectares. The Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve, Aghanashini Estuary, and Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve in Karnataka were also designated in 2024.

INS Imphal: It is the third ship of the Visakhapatnam-class stealth guided missile destroyer of the Indian Navy. She was being constructed at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) and was launched on 20 April 2019. Indian Naval Ship (INS) Imphal participated in the 57th Mauritius National Day celebrations in March 2025, marking its maiden port call to Port Louis. The ship arrived on 10 March 2025 and actively took part in the National Day Parade on 12 March, representing India with a marching contingent, a performance by the Indian Navy band.

DRDO ILSS Tejas: The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), through its Defence Bio-Engineering & Electro Medical Laboratory (DEBEL) in Bengaluru, successfully conducted high-altitude trials of the Indigenous On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS)-based Integrated Life Support System (ILSS) for the LCA Tejas on March 4, 2025.

India Net Zero 20270 COP26: At the COP26 summit in Glasgow, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that India will achieve net-zero emissions by 2070. This commitment was part of India’s five-point climate action plan, known as the “Panchamrit,” which includes raising non-fossil energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030 and meeting 50% of energy demand through renewables by the same year.

CORPAT 2025: The 6th edition of the Coordinated Patrol (CORPAT-25) between the Indian Navy and the Bangladesh Navy commenced on March 10, 2025, and concluded on March 12, 2025, in the Bay of Bengal. This exercise was conducted alongside the 4th edition of the bilateral naval exercise BONGOSAGAR-25, under the supervision of Commander Flotilla West. The participating vessels were INS Ranvir from the Indian Navy and BNS Abu Ubaidah from the Bangladesh Navy.

Exercise Desert Hunt 2025: this exercise was held at Air Force Station Jodhpur, Rajasthan, from 24 to 28 February 2025. It is a tri-service special forces exercise conducted by the Indian Air Force. Participants included the Indian Army’s Para (SF), Navy’s Marine Commandos, and Air Force’s Garud (SF).

Exercise Prachand Prahar: The Indian Armed Forces conducted the tri-service integrated multi-domain warfare exercise, Prachand Prahar, from March 25 to 27, 2025, in the high-altitude terrain of Arunachal Pradesh near the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China. The exercise, led by the Eastern Army Command, aimed to validate seamless integration across the Army, Navy, and Air Force in surveillance, command and control, and precision firepower, specifically within a challenging, electronically contested environment.

Exercise TROPEX-2025: The Theatre Level Operational Exercise (TROPEX-25), the Indian Navy’s capstone biennial exercise, was conducted from January to March 2025 in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), encompassing the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. The exercise spanned approximately 4,300 nautical miles from north to south and 5,000 nautical miles from the Strait of Hormuz in the west to the Sunda and Lombok Straits in the east.

Jnanpith Award: The 59th Jnanpith Award for the year 2024 was awarded to Vinod Kumar Shukla, a renowned Hindi writer, for his outstanding contribution to Hindi literature. At 88 years old, he is the first author from Chhattisgarh to receive this prestigious honor and the 12th Hindi writer to be awarded the Jnanpith. The award includes a cash prize of ₹11 lakh, a bronze statue of Saraswati, and a citation.

Jayshree Vencatesan, co-founder of Chennai-based Care Earth Trust, has become the first Indian to be honored with the Ramsar Award for ‘Wetland Wise Use’, a globally recognized accolade celebrating contributions to the sustainable management of wetlands. Ramsar sites in India.

Apaar ID refers to the “Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry” (APAAR) ID, part of India’s “One Nation, One Student ID“ initiative launched by the Ministry of Education under the NEP 2020 policy.

A23A Iceberg:The colossal iceberg A23a, once the world’s largest and oldest, is rapidly disintegrating in warmer waters near South Georgia Island and is expected to disappear within weeks. After drifting for decades, the massive ice formation, which broke free from Antarctica in 1986 and remained grounded for over 30 years, finally began its northward journey in 2020. It ran aground near South Georgia in March 2025, raising concerns for local wildlife.

India ranked 5th most polluted country globally in the 2024 World Air Quality Report released by IQAir, marking a marginal improvement from its 3rd position in 2023. This ranking is based on an average annual PM2.5 concentration of 50.6 µg/m³, which is more than 10 times higher than the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended guideline of 5 µg/m³. The report highlights that 13 of the world’s 20 most polluted cities are located in India, with Byrnihat (Meghalaya) topping the list, followed by Delhi, which remains the world’s most polluted capital city for the sixth consecutive year.

India is the world’s largest producer of milk, with a production of 213,779,230 tonnes in 2022. This significant output places India well ahead of other nations in global milk production. The United States ranks second, followed by Pakistan and China.

The 12th edition of the India-Kyrgyzstan Joint Special Forces Exercise, KHANJAR-XII, successfully concluded on March 23, 2025, in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan, after a two-week period of training and cooperation. The exercise, which ran from March 10 to March 23, 2025, focused on enhancing interoperability between the elite special forces of both nations, particularly in counter-terrorism operations.

Exercise INIOCHOS 2025 was a major multinational air exercise hosted by the Hellenic Air Force (HAF) at Andravida Air Base in Greece, taking place from March 31 to April 11, 2025. It marked the largest participation of air forces since the exercise was established as an INVITEX (Invitation Exercise) in 2015, with a total of 12 countries actively participating. The participating nations included France, India, Israel, Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Qatar, Slovenia, Spain, the United Arab Emirates, the United States, and Greece. The Indian Air Force (IAF) contingent participated with Su-30 MKI fighters, IL-78 aerial refuelers, and C-17 transport aircraft.

The 14th edition of the bilateral naval exercise INDRA 2025 between the Indian and Russian navies was successfully conducted from March 28 to April 2, 2025, off the coast of Chennai and in the Bay of Bengal.

T-90 Tank: The Indian Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has approved the procurement of Varunastra torpedoes for the Indian Navy, an indigenously-developed ship-launched anti-submarine weapon developed by the Naval Science & Technological Laboratory, to enhance the Navy’s capability against enemy submarine threats. This approval is part of a larger package of capital acquisition proposals worth over ₹54,000 crore approved in March 2025. The DAC approved the upgrade of India’s frontline T-90 tanks, which are currently powered by 1000 horsepower (hp) engines, to 1350 hp engines. This upgrade, likely to be carried out by Russian Rosoboronexport, aims to significantly enhance the tanks’ battlefield mobility, particularly in high-altitude areas like Ladakh and Sikkim.

The SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer) is a NASA space observatory designed to conduct an all-sky near-infrared survey to study the origins of the universe, galaxy evolution, and the presence of water and organic molecules in planetary systems. It was launched on 12 March 2025, aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, alongside the PUNCH microsatellites.

NASA’s Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere PUNCH Mission
 (PUNCH) is a Small Explorer (SMEX) mission designed to make global, 3D observations of the young solar wind, from the outermost solar atmosphere (corona) to the inner heliosphere.

Aditya L1 Mission: Aditya-L1 is India’s first dedicated solar observatory, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 2 September 2023, using the PSLV-XL C57 rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. The spacecraft was successfully inserted into a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1), approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, on 6 January 2024, after a journey of 126 days following launch. The mission is designed to study the solar atmosphere, including the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona, with a focus on understanding coronal heating, solar wind acceleration.

The theme for International Yoga Day 2025 is “Yoga for One Earth, One Health”. This theme, announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his “Mann Ki Baat” address on March 30, 2025, emphasizes the deep connection between individual well-being and the health of the planet.

Targeted topics for NDA/CDS (II) 2025 :

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