Current Affairs NDA/CDS (II) 2025

An exam-focused post tailored from The Original Tutors, highlighting key Current Affairs of India-related international conferences, deals, and agreements between January–July 2025—crucial for NDA/CDS aspirants. All important & relevant Current affairs NDA / CDS (II) 2025 examination, scheduled for September 14, 2025, have been covered in this post. These include developments in national security, international relations, science and technology, and environmental issues.

Current Affairs NDA/CDS (II) 2025

• India has announced 1,000 e-scholarships for Afghan students for the 2025-26 academic year under the Special Scholarship Scheme for Afghan Nationals (SSSAN), allowing them to pursue online undergraduate and postgraduate courses via the e-VidyaBharati portal.
• India Signs Major Defence Contracts (January 1–2, 2025) : Contracts worth around ₹2,867 crore were signed with Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd and Naval Group (France) to enhance the Indian Navy’s Kalvari-class submarines with AIP (Air Independent Propulsion) and Electronic Heavy Weight Torpedo (EHWT) systems—boosting underwater endurance and stealth capabilities.
• India–Brazil: Six Strategic Agreements (July 2025): India and Brazil signed six bilateral agreements, focusing on: 1.Combating terrorism and transnational crime 2. Digital infrastructure collaboration 3.Renewable energy and agricultural R&D (involving EMBRAPA and ICAR) 4. Exchange and mutual protection of classified information 5. Intellectual property cooperation via DPIIT and Brazil’s Competitiveness Secretariat.
• India–UK CETA: Trade Deal Signed (24 July 2025) : India and the UK finalized the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) on 24 July 2025, establishing a $23 billion trade corridor across 26 sectors—tariffs, services, digital trade, IP, and public procurement. The agreement promises tariff elimination on most Indian exports and a major boost for MSME exports. Awaiting UK parliamentary ratification within 6–12 months.
• The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) is a water-distribution treaty between India and Pakistan, mediated by the World Bank, to use the water available in the Indus River and its tributaries. It was signed in Karachi on 19 September 1960 by Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistani president Ayub Khan. It grants exclusive rights to India over the Eastern rivers – Ravi, Beas & Sutlej and exclusive rights to Pakistan over the Western rivers- Indus, Jhelum & Chenab.
• Iceland leads the 2025 Human Development Index (HDI) rankings with a score of 0.972, followed by Switzerland and Norway, both with a score of 0.970. The HDI measures a country’s performance in health, education, and income, using a geometric mean of normalized indices for each dimension. The 2025 rankings are based on data from the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report, which uses information from 2023. India ranks 130th out of 193 countries in the 2025 Human Development Report.
• Yala Glacier, located in the Langtang Valley of central Nepal within Langtang National Park, is projected to vanish and declared dead by the 2040s due to accelerated glacial retreat driven by climate change.
• Cardinal Robert Prevost was elected as the first US-born pontiff Thursday and will be known as Pope Leo XIV was elected as 267th Pope of the Catholic Church.
• Kozhikode has been officially inducted into the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Network of Age-friendly Cities and Communities (GNAFCC), receiving international recognition for its efforts to create an inclusive, safe, and supportive environment for its ageing population. This recognition follows Kozhikode’s prior distinction as a UNESCO City of Literature in 2022, highlighting its cultural and social dedication.
• Honduras formally opened its embassy in New Delhi on May 15, 2025, marking a significant milestone in bilateral relations between the two countries.
• On World Environment Day 2025, two new wetlands in Rajasthan
  —Khichan in Phalodi and Menar in Udaipur—were officially designated as Ramsar Sites, increasing India’s total count to 91, the highest in Asia. June 5, 2025, the day of World Environment Day, which is celebrated annually on June 5 since 1973 and led by the UN Environment Programme. The theme for World Environment Day 2025 was “Beat Plastic Pollution”.
• Vembanad Lake, India’s second-largest wetland system and the largest lake in Kerala, continues to face significant ecological degradation despite being designated a Ramsar site 20 years ago. 
• The State of Goa became fully literate under the ULLAS – Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram (New India Literacy Programme), marking a significant milestone in India’s journey towards achieving full literacy by 2030.
• ULLAS – Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram. Understanding Lifelong Learning for All in Society (ULLAS) is a centrally sponsored scheme implemented from 2022-2027. The scheme, aligned with NEP 2020, targets adults (aged 15 years and above) who can’t go to school. Aim: It aims to empower those adults aged 15 years and above from all backgrounds who could not get due schooling and mainstream them with society to be able to contribute more to the growth story of the country. The scheme has five components – Foundational Literacy and Numeracy, Critical Life Skills, Basic Education, Vocational Skills and Continuing Education. The vision of the ULLAS Scheme is to make India Jan Jan Saakshar and is based on the spirit of Kartavya Bodh and is being implemented on volunteerism.
• India’s first fully literate state is Mizoram ,achieving a literacy rate of 98.2% as per the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2023–2024, surpassing the 95% benchmark set by the Ministry of Education for full literacy under the ULLAS.
• Assam has launched ‘Ankita’, India’s first AI-powered news anchor in a regional language, specifically Assamese, introduced by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma on May 14, 2025. 
• India’s first Vistadome Jungle Safari Train, launched in Uttar Pradesh on May 26, 2025, connects the Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary and the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve, offering a unique eco-tourism experience through a specially designed train with transparent roofs and large glass windows.
• The Indian government’s Act East Policy, launched in 2014, aims to enhance connectivity, trade, and diplomatic ties with Southeast Asia, particularly the ASEAN bloc, by developing infrastructure in India’s northeastern region. A key component of this strategy is the development of new railway lines to improve regional connectivity. The recent commissioning of the 51.38 km Bairabi-Sairang railway line in Mizoram is a significant step forward, although the Sairang station remains 18 km short of the state capital, Aizawl.
• Matsya 6000 is India’s deep-sea submersible designed for ocean exploration, particularly for deep-sea mining and biodiversity studies. Developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) under the Samudrayaan Mission, it is capable of diving to a depth of 6,000 meters in the ocean. Matsya 6000 is equipped with cutting-edge technologies, including advanced life support systems, navigation equipment, robotic arms for sample collection, and high-resolution imaging system.
• The 7th edition of the Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG) was held from May 4 to May 15, 2025, marking the first time the event took place in Bihar. This national multi-sport event brought together over 10,000 athletes from 36 states and union territories. The official mascot for the 7th Khelo India Youth Games 2025, hosted by Bihar, is Gajasimha. This mythical creature, symbolizing the strength of an elephant and the courage of a lion, is inspired by ancient temple carvings from the Pala dynasty period found in Nalanda and Bodh Gaya.

Current Affairs NDA/CDS (II) 2025 :

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